You cannot migrate cryptography you cannot find. How to build an inventory that covers the appliances, firmware and vendor products where most of it actually lives.
Combining an elliptic curve exchange with a post-quantum one is secure unless both break. It is widely supported already, and often just a setting at your CDN.
Quantum processors will live in data centres behind an API, not on your desk. Where the hardware really stands in mid-2026, and which skills transfer.
An AI model halved HAWK’s effective key strength in 60 hours. But the finding that runs end to end on a desktop, against a deployed ISO/IEC cipher, is the one worth reading twice.
Post-quantum migration deadlines are set by regulation and data shelf life, not by qubit counts. Here is why the two clocks decoupled, and what to do in the next twelve months.
ML-KEM, ML-DSA and SLH-DSA are finalised, and NIST has set 2030 and 2035 deadlines for retiring RSA and ECC. A practical guide to what changed and what to do first.
You do not need a quantum computer to break encryption in 2035. You need to record traffic in 2026 and wait. For data with a long confidentiality lifetime, the deadline is already here.
Every cryptographic algorithm we now consider broken was once the recommended choice. The durable engineering decision is not which primitive you pick, but whether you can replace it.
Proof of work, proof of stake, BFT and hash-based consensus face very different post-quantum migration problems. A comparison, and why the hardest part is governance.